Figure 1. Regenerative interface (External and internal views).

(A) Scheme of reciprocal positions of (1) Healthy stump of nerve; (2) Regenerative scaffold; (3) Contacts with active sites. The healthy stump of nerve is connected with the regenerative scaffold to allow the injured axons to regenerate and contact the active sites. From these contacts, electrical signals, closely related to the patient’s will of movement, can be achieved to drive neural prostheses. (B) Internal view of regenerative scaffold with active topographic constraints (e.g. nanogratings). This kind of structure could be able to split the beam of axons improving the selectivity of contacts with the active sites. Two different populations of axons (e.g. sensory and motor) are shown in red and blue. In this concept, the beam of axon was split by the synergy of nanotopography and chemical cues.