Table 3.
Parameter estimatesa (odds ratio) for multilevel weighted logistic regression models of death in first week and death on the first day of life by skilled delivery attendance, controlling for maternal antenatal and demographic characteristics (N=53,474)
| Death in first weekb OR (95% CI) | Death on first dayb OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Explanatory variables | ||
| Fixed effects | ||
| Delivery attendants’ skills | ||
| Unskilled | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Skilled | 0.70 (0.46,1.07) | 0.71 (0.36,1.41) |
| Geographic region | ||
| Latin America/Caribbean | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Africa | 0.87 (0.53,1.45) | 0.72 (0.36,1.42) |
| Asia | 0.79 (0.46,1.38) | 1.06 (0.50,2.26) |
| Delivery by region interaction | ||
| Skilled in Africa | 2.49 (1.42,4.36)** | 3.61 (1.52,8.52)** |
| Skilled in Asia | 1.78 (1.08,2.94)* | 1.76 (0.85,3.65)** |
| Antenatal care | ||
| Tetanus toxoid before/during pregnancy | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.70 (0.47,1.05) | 0.70 (0.44,1.11) |
| Antenatal visits | ||
| <4 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥4 | 0.65 (0.47,0.89)** | 0.71 (0.52,0.98)* |
| Random effects | ||
| Country-level variance (SE)c | 0.81 (0.75,0.88)*** | 0.83 (0.75,0.91)*** |
| Log likelihood | −3381.15 | −2325.73 |
| AIC | 6778.3 | 4667.45 |
| Log likelihood Ratio Test (χ2)d | 46.25*** | 54.37*** |
a
Parameters for predictors (fixed effects) are reported as odds ratio; for random effects, the parameter is the variance
b
Full model including all demographic control variables: age, parity, education, residence (urban/rural), and wealth quintile.
c
Significance of random effects evaluated by comparing model with a similar one in which random effects have been constrained to be zero.
d
Compared to null model with no covariates
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.01
***
p<0.001