Table 2. Maternal plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations during and after pregnancy according to WHO BMI category.
Mean (standard deviation) are shown.
T1 – trimester 1 [12.5 (1.2) weeks]; T2 – trimester 2 [26.1 (1.3) weeks], T3 – trimester 3 [35.5 (1.3) weeks]; PN – postnatal [17.1 (2.9) weeks post delivery]. P Time for association of lipid/lipoprotein parameters over time, P BMI for association with BMI category and P Time*BMI for the interaction between Time and BMI, using a univariate split-plot approach repeated measures analysis. Where the interaction between Time and BMI was significant (P<0.05), one way ANOVA and Tukey Kramer post-hoc tests were conducted. Different superscript letters indicate differences between BMI categories at a particular time point using post hoc Tukey test. Statistical analysis carried out on *log transformed data
| Time of sampling |
Normal weight |
Overweight | Obese | P Time |
P BMI |
P Time * BMI |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Cholesterol* (mmol/L) |
T1 | 4.31 (0.60) | 4.65 (0.77) | 4.75(0.97) | <0.001 | 0.88 | 0.019 |
| T2 | 5.95 (1.10) | 6.09 (0.78) | 5.82 (1.06) | ||||
| T3 | 6.42 (0.84) | 6.07 (1.01) | 5.84 (0.97) | ||||
| PN | 3.93 (0.69) | 4.13 (0.59) | 4.49 (1.08) | ||||
| LDL Cholesterol* (mmol/L) |
T1 | 2.49 (0.43) | 2.77 (0.72) | 2.96 (0.93) | <0.001 | 0.83 | 0.11 |
| T2 | 3.85 (0.89) | 3.85 (0.85) | 3.79 (0.97) | ||||
| T3 | 4.13 (0.68) | 3.86 (1.10) | 3.77 (1.03) | ||||
| PN | 2.34 (0.62) | 2.52 (0.48) | 2.87 (1.02) | ||||
|
| |||||||
| Triglyceride* (mmol/L) |
T1 | 1.07 (0.32)a | 1.34 (0.43)a,b | 1.57 (0.63)b | <0.001 | 0.030 | 0.002 |
| T2 | 2.02 (0.87) | 2.50 (0.66) | 2.45 (0.94) | ||||
| T3 | 3.05 (1.05) | 2.86 (1.02) | 2.80 (0.86) | ||||
| PN | 0.82 (0.28)a | 1.16 (0.42)a,b | 1.59 (0.82)b | ||||
| NEFA* (mmol/L) |
T1 | 0.27 (0.42) | 0.12 (0.15) | 0.25 (0.27) | 0.26 | 0.59 | 0.74 |
| T2 | 0.15 (0.19) | 0.19 (0.14) | 0.24 (0.34) | ||||
| T3 | 0.21 (0.23) | 0.21 (0.14) | 0.21 (0.13) | ||||
| PN | 0.26 (0.17) | 0.18 (0.20) | 0.22 (0.21) | ||||
| VLDL* (mg/dL) |
T1 | 68 (26)a | 86 (33)a,b | 113 (66)b | <0.001 | 0.016 | 0.013 |
| T2 | 173 (101) | 176 (54) | 202 (91) | ||||
| T3 | 202 (123) | 220 (103) | 205 (80) | ||||
| PN | 55 (27)a | 83 (40)a,b | 118 (69)b | ||||
| IDL* (mg/dL) |
T1 | 58 (19) | 71 (29) | 85 (63) | <0.001 | 0.44 | 0.30 |
| T2 | 126 (54) | 116 (29) | 136 (52) | ||||
| T3 | 146 (51) | 153 (59) | 157 (101) | ||||
| PN | 70 (29) | 90 (21) | 82 (32) | ||||
| LDL (mg/dL) |
T1 | 74 (22) | 80 (24) | 89 (34) | <0.001 | 0.98 | 0.06 |
| T2 | 140 (46) | 109 (33) | 117 (47) | ||||
| T3 | 111 (19) | 121 (59) | 101 (37) | ||||
| PN | 74 (19) | 80 (26) | 84 (30) | ||||