Table 1.

Effects of 0.1% metformin treatment on various serum biomarkers

Parameter	Standard Diet (SD)	0.1% Metformin	CR
Ala aminotransferase (U/L)	90 ± 58	64 ± 29	50 ± 15
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	221 ± 30	143 ± 33*	101 ± 8*
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.11 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.01*	0.27 ± 0.25
Lactate	573 ± 82	623 ± 165	443 ± 109
Dehydrogenase (u/L)
Low Density	40 ± 10	17 ± 10*	16 ± 5*
Lipoprotein (mg/dl)
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	106 ± 28	129 ± 50	45 ± 7*
Total protein (g/dl)	6.00 ± 0.39	6.04 ± 0.32	5.28 ± 0.04*
Glucose–fed (mM)	10.94 ± 0.35	11.33 ± 0.76	ND
Glucose–fasted (mM)	8.23 ± 0.65	8.80 ± 0.43	4.10 ± 0.42*
Insulin (pM)	428.08 ± 34.26	297.64 ± 29.72*	46.75 ± 16.76*
% HbA1c	6.33 ± 0.47	5.81 ± 0.57*	ND
HOMA-IR index	8.01 ± 0.57	5.87 ± 0.47*	0.84 ± 0.30*

Insulin and glucose levels were determined at 100 weeks of age and HbA1c was determined at 66 weeks of age. All other determinations were assayed at 74 weeks of age. Values shown are mean ± Standard Deviation; n = 4–16 samples per group.

^*p < 0.05 versus standard diet (SD) (t-test two tailed);

CR, calorie restricted; ND, not determined.