Table 4.

Random-effect Linear and Logit Models of Educational Spending and Child Labor Participation on Migration and Remittances Status, and of School Enrollment on Parental Migration and Remittances Status, for Blacks, PSLSD 1993 (standard errors in parentheses).

	Educational Spending (log)	Child Labor	Enrollment on Parental Migration Status
	Linear	Logit	Logit
Household migration and remittances status   (ref. no migrants, NM)
With migrants, no remittances (MNR)	−.091 (.122)	−.073 (.345)
With remittances (MR)	.225*** (.066)	−.385* (.189)
Parental migration and remittances status   (ref. no migrants, both parents present)
One or both parents migrated, no remittances			−.870** (.313)
Both parents present, no remittances			−.512 (.360)
One parent migrated, with remittances			.329† (.198)
Both parents migrated, with remittances			.150 (.238)
Both parents present, with remittances			.616*** (.186)
No migrants, parent absent due to other reasons			−.734† (.430)
% of variance explained between clusters	18.0*** (.019)	44.0*** (.072)	58.1*** (.028)
Log-likelihood	−8157.1	−1134.7	−2542.3
N	4,103	4,906	9,866

Notes: Coefficients of other covariates are omitted, which are similar to those presented in Table 2.

^†p<0.1

^*p<.05

^**p<.01

^***p<.001