Table 1.
Means, standard deviations, internal consistency/inter-item correlations (item-scale correlation) and interrater agreement: means* and percentage share in departments with r wg(J) values >.50 or >.70
| Scales | M (SD) | Cronbach's α/ inter-item correlation (item-scale correlation) | Mean r wg(J) | r wg(J) >.50 (in %) | r wg(J) >.70 (in %) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time pressure |
3.62 (.96) |
.77/.63 |
.68 |
82.7 |
44.2 |
| Uncertainty |
2.59 (1.05) |
.75/.61 |
.63 |
67.3 |
36.5 |
| Frustration about how work needs to be done |
2.81 (.93) |
.71/.48-.56 |
.64 |
73.1 |
42.3 |
| Problems in workflow due to supervisors and physicians |
2.15 (.89) |
.81/.68 |
.74 |
78.8 |
65.4 |
| Problems in workflow due to other professional groups |
2.24 (.82) |
.75/.60 |
.78 |
98.1 |
71.2 |
| Social stressors with patients |
2.49 (.90) |
.68/.52 |
.69 |
82.7 |
48.1 |
| Emotional dissonance |
2.53 (1.06) |
.70/.54 |
.43 |
42.3 |
9.6 |
| Autonomy |
3.36 (.91) |
.72/.57 |
.70 |
80.8 |
44.2 |
| Possibilities for skill development at work |
3.24(.83) |
.63/.47 |
.74 |
90.4 |
61.5 |
| Participation |
2.71 (1.02) |
.86/.76 |
.64 |
75.0 |
42.3 |
| Possibilities for further education |
3.03 (.91) |
.84/.68-.74 |
.79 |
96.2 |
76.9 |
| Social support from direct supervisors |
3.47 (.96) |
.80/.67 |
.68 |
75.0 |
50.0 |
| Social support from medical colleagues |
3.73 (.75) |
.75/.60 |
.82 |
92.3 |
78.8 |
| Justice | 3.12 (.92) | .78/.67 | .73 | 86.5 | 51.9 |
N=571; All scales have a 5-point response scale (1-5).
* rwg(J): The arithmetic mean is calculated by transformation of the rwg(J) values in Fisher's Z, taking the mean and back transformation. The results are based on calculations with 52 departments. Values outside the theoretically limits of 0≤rwg(J)≤1 were set to zero44.