Figure 2.

The effect of polyphenols and GAGs on β₂m fibril-induced vesicle leakage. Time-dependent increase in fluorescence reflecting leakage of carboxyfluorescein from PC/PG (1:1) LUVs after incubation with β₂m. (A) Effects of polyphenols on fibril-induced dye-leakage. (Long dash) β₂m fibrils alone (no fibrillation modulators added); (short dash) β₂m monomers alone; (1–3) β₂m fibrils incubated for 3 min with (1) EGCG, (2) bromophenol blue, and (3) resveratrol. (B) Effects of GAGs on fibril-induced vesicle leakage. (Long dash) β₂m fibrils alone; β₂m fibrils incubated for 3 min with (4) heparin polymer; and (5) heparin disaccharide. (C) Effect of preincubation of vesicles with different additives on β₂m-fibril induced membrane leakage. (Shaded) β₂m fibrils alone. (Solid) Fibrillation modulators incubated with vesicles for 30 min before addition of fibrils. (Open) Fibrillation modulators incubated with β₂m fibrils for 3 min before addition to the vesicles. Percent leakage corresponds to the end-point of the kinetic curves (see Fig. S3 in the Supporting Material).