Table 2.

Factors Associated with Sleep Complaints during and after the Menopause Transition

Type	Detail
Vasomotor symptoms	Hot flashes and/or night sweats[3,18–20,29,31,33,37,38,43]
Hormone dynamics	↓ Estradiol29,31 ↑ Follicle-stimulating hormone[20,30,31] ↑ Testosterone[30] ↑ Progesterone[20] ↓ Inhibin B[33]
Primary sleep disorders	Obstructive sleep apnea[3,18] Periodic limb movement disorder[3,29] Restless legs syndrome[91]
Mental health symptoms	Anxiety symptoms[3,21,29] Depressive symptoms[20,21,29,33]
Medical problems	Obesity[99] Gastroesophageal reflux diseased[101] Cancer[100] Thyroid dysfunction[105] Chronic paint[140] Fibromyalgia[107] Hypertension[21]
Lifestyle factors	Caffeine consumption[29]
Psychosocial factors	Higher levels of stress, tension, and public self-consciousness[21]

Sleep Disturbance and Hot Flashes