Figure 3.

Results from house sparrow case study on bill depth. All posterior estimates are obtained using INLA. (A) Posterior distribution of ${\sigma }_u^2$ (solid line) and ${\sigma }_e^2$ (dotted line). (B) Posterior distribution of heritabililty h². (C) Left: Mean phenotopic (standardized) bill depth for each hatch year (with 95% confidence interval). (C) Right: Posterior mean (with 95% credible interval) of the levels β_year for the factor year. (D) Posterior mean (with 95% credible interval) for average breeding values for each hatch year.