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. 2013 May 15;41(14):6785–6792. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt396

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© The Author(s) 2013. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 4. — Successive states of the DNA fragment during its conversion from linear to closed circular form with the aid of the DNA ligase. In state one, the sticky ends are apart one from the another; in state two, the sticky ends are juxtaposed but not joined; in state three, they are joined by base pairing; in state four, the joined sticky ends are ligated.