Table 1.
Analyses of the Proportions of Caregivers Preferring Pen A/B or Having No Preference
| Pen attribute end point | Caregivers with a preferencea | Caregivers with no preferencea (n) | All caregivers (n = 65)a | |||||||
| Frequentist analysis | Bayesian analysis | Total score (95% CI)b | ||||||||
| Pen Acn (%) | Pen Bcn (%) | Exact 95% CIb | Pen Acn (%)d | Pen Bcn (%)d | Difference between pens (%) | Exact 95% CrId | Pen Ac | Pen Bc | ||
| “Overall easy to use” | 36 (94.7%) | 2 (5.3%) | 82.3%–99.4%b | 27 | 36 (54.4%) | 2 (4.4%) | 50.0%e | 36.2–63.6% | 13.5 (13.2–13.8) | 11.6 (10.9–12.2)b |
| “Easy to change the cartridge” | 32 (94.1%) | 2 (5.9%) | 80.3%–99.3%b | 31 | 32 (48.5%) | 2 (4.4%) | 44.1%3 | 30.3–57.6% | 13.4 (13.1–13.6) | 10.8 (10.0–11.7)b |
| “Easy to correct the dose if I dial too much” | 47 (94.0%) | 3 (6.0%) | 83.5%–98.7%b | 15 | 47 (70.6%) | 3 (5.9%) | 64.7%eh | 50.5–78.0% | 13.7 (13.5–13.9) | 10.0 (7.1–10.8)b |
CI, confidence interval; CrI, credible interval.
Caregivers included in the frequentist analyses had a different total score for each pen and had a pen preference. Caregivers with no preference had the same total score for both pens and were excluded from the frequentist analyses but were included in the Bayesian analyses and total score.
Exact 95% CI for binomial distribution. For the frequentist analysis, if the exact 95% CI did not include 50%, then the proportions of caregivers with a preference who chose one pen were statistically significant from the proportions of caregivers who chose the other pen. For the total score, if the exact 95% CI did not overlap, then the scores were statistically and significantly different between pens.
Pen A: HumaPen Luxura HD; Pen B: NovoPen Junior.
Percentage estimates based on a Bayesian model. Exact 95% CrI for the difference between pens. If the exact 95% CrI was greater than 0, then the difference between pens was statistically significant.
Probabilities that the difference between pens was greater than the proportion of caregivers with no preference were 76.8% for “overall easy to use,” 40.4% for “easy to change the cartridge,” and 99.8% for “easy to correct the dose if I dialed too much.”