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. 2013 Aug 15;140(16):3486–3495. doi: 10.1242/dev.094011

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© 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 6. — NDK-1 interacts with KSRs. (A) ndk-1(ok314) ksr-2(dx27)/+ ksr-2(dx27) animals are clear, have a protruding vulva (arrow) and display a constipation (arrowhead) phenotype. (B) In vitro pulldown assay shows that NDK-1 binds to KSR-2 and to murine KSR1. Western blot was performed with anti-GST antibody. Lane 1, resin-bound MBP and GST::NDK-1 as a negative control; lane 2, MBP::KSR-2 and GST::NDK-1; lane 3, MBP::KSR1 (mouse protein) and GST::NDK-1; lane 5, GST::NDK-1 as positive control for loading. (C) Epistatic position of ndk-1 in Ras/MAPK signaling. ndk-1 acts downstream of lin-45/Raf and upstream of mpk-1/MAPK in the Ras/MAPK pathway during vulval development. We propose that NDK-1 activates the Ras/MAPK cascade through modification of the activity of KSR scaffolds.