Table 3.
Summary of maximal rotation (trunk internal rotation, shoulder internal rotation and forearm pronation) and flexion/extension angular velocity (°/s) parameters (trunk flexion, shoulder flexion, elbow extension and wrist flexion) as well as parameters at ball release (trunk flexion, shoulder internal rotation). Data are means (±SD).
| Elite players (n=12) |
Low level players (n=14) |
Effect size (η2) |
Power (1-β) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rotation * | .31 | .67 | ||
| Max. trunk int. rotation | 756 (52) | 667 (138) * | .16 | .52 |
| Max. shoulder int. rotation | 5039 (896) | 4955 (1042) | .01 | .06 |
| Max. forearm pronation | 1354 (491) | 1954 (720) * | .20 | .65 |
| Flexion/extension * | .44 | .85 | ||
| Max. trunk flexion | 474 (100) | 328 (108) ** | .36 | .94 |
| Max. shoulder flexion | 1112 (219) | 1046 (245) | .02 | .11 |
| Max. elbow extension | 1626 (133) | 1526 (241) | .06 | .23 |
| Max. wrist flexion | 807 (166) | 864 (445) | .01 | .07 |
| Ball release ** | .41 | .92 | ||
| Trunk flexion | 258 (104) | 128 (74) * | .37 | .95 |
| Shoulder internal rotation | 4428 (1129) | 3450 (1177) ** | .16 | .54 |
* p < 0.05
** p < 0.01.