Figure 1.

Mean (± SEM) of overnight retention of memories (A) for word pair associates, (B) for neutral and emotional pictures, and (C) for sequence finger tapping skills in the tiagabine (empty bars) and placebo condition (black bars). Retention of word pairs is indicated by the difference in the number of word pairs recalled at retrieval testing after sleep minus recall performance on the criterion trial at learning before sleep. Recall of pictures is indicated by the total number of pictures recalled during retrieval testing after sleep. Overnight gains in sequence finger tapping (C, left panel) are indicated by the difference in performance (number of correctly tapped sequences per 30-sec trial) at retrieval testing after sleep minus average performance on the last trials during training before sleep. Right panel indicates performance after sleep on a control sequence not trained before sleep. *P ≤ 0.05, for pairwise comparisons between the effects of the treatments (n = 12).