Table 1.

Characteristics of male participants aged 40–49 years

	Japanese (n = 310)		Koreans (n = 294)		Japanese Americans (n = 300)		US Whites (n = 308)
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age, years	45.1	2.8	44.8	2.8	46.1	2.8	45.0	2.8
Height, cm	170	6	170	5	170	6	180	6
Weight, kg	68.7	10.0	71.1	8.9	80.2	14.1	90.4	14.9
BMI,a kg/m2	23.7	3.1	24.7	2.7	27.9	4.3	27.9	4.2
Waist circumference (cm)	85.2	8.1	83.3	7.0	93.7	11.0	98.7	11.6
SBP, mmHg	125	16	122	14	128	13	122	11
Glucose, mmol/Lb	5.93	1.04	5.71	1.01	6.22	1.17	5.64	0.85
Total cholesterol, mmol/Lb	5.63	0.93	5.01	0.88	5.36	0.95	5.5	0.97
LDLc, mmol/Lb	3.43	0.93	3.01	0.83	3.15	0.85	3.49	0.87
HDLc, mmol/Lb	1.4	0.35	1.19	0.30	1.31	0.32	1.24	0.33
Triglycerides,c mmol/Lb	1.55	(1.18–2.06)	1.53	(1.10–2.28)	1.59	(1.07–2.55)	1.46	(1.05–2.10)
Smoking (%)
Never	17		26		66		73
Past	34		36		22		19
Current	49		38		13		7
Alcohol drinking (%)
Never	31		48		48		47
Past	2		7		14		8
Current	68		45		38		44
Medication use (%)
Elevated blood pressure	6		5		20		9
Elevated lipids	4		1		23		12
Diabetes mellitus	2		0.3		6		1
Agatston scorec	0	(0–2)	0	(0–2)	0	(0–34)	1	(0–12)
Prevalent CACd (%)	11.7		10.9		32.0		26.1

BMI, body mass index; CAC, coronary artery calcification; HDLc, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLc, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation.

^aBMI: weight (kg)/height² (m).

^bThe conversion factors from millimole per litre to milligrams per decilitre for glucose, total cholesterol, LDLc, HDLc, and triglycerides are 18.02, 38.61, 38.61, 38.61, and 88.50, respectively.

^cValues for triglycerides and Agatston score were given in the median and inter-quartile range in parenthesis.

^dPrevalent CAC was defined as Agatston ≥10.