Table 2.
Crude prevalence of CAC, and adjusted OR for prevalent CAC according to BMI tertile in male participants of aged 40–49 years
| BMIa (kg/m2) |
n | Prevalent CAC (%)b | Adjustedc odds ratio for prevalent CACb |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median |
(IQR) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||
| Japanese | ||||||||
| T1 | 21.0 | (19.8, 21.7) | 103 | 7 (6.8) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| T2 | 23.4 | (23.0, 23.9) | 104 | 10 (9.6) | 1.53 | 1.58 | 1.50 | 1.70 |
| T3 | 26.6 | (25.3, 28.3) | 103 | 19 (18.4) | 3.39 | 3.45 | 3.30 | 4.01 |
| Koreans | ||||||||
| T1 | 22.3 | (21.4, 23.1) | 98 | 6 (6.1) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| T2 | 24.4 | (24.1, 25.0) | 98 | 11 (11.2) | 1.94 | 1.60 | 1.56 | 1.48 |
| T3 | 27.1 | (26.3, 28.2) | 98 | 15 (15.3) | 2.77 | 2.38 | 2.17 | 1.92 |
| Japanese Americans | ||||||||
| T1 | 23.6 | (22.7, 24.7) | 100 | 27 (27.0) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| T2 | 27.4 | (26.5, 28.3) | 100 | 30 (30.0) | 1.19 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 1.12 |
| T3 | 31.9 | (30.3, 34.0) | 100 | 39 (39.0) | 1.75 | 1.57 | 1.38 | 1.59 |
| US Whites | ||||||||
| T1 | 24.3 | (23.0, 24.8) | 103 | 15 (14.6) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| T2 | 27.1 | (26.4, 28.0) | 102 | 24 (23.5) | 1.87 | 1.57 | 1.48 | 1.52 |
| T3 | 31.9 | (30.2, 33.6) | 103 | 42 (40.8) | 3.85 | 3.39 | 3.10 | 3.01 |
BMI, body mass index; CAC, coronary artery calcium; IQR, inter-quartile range; HDLc, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLc, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; lnTG, natural log-transformed value of triglycerides; T1, T2, T3 denotes first, secondly, and thirdly tertile, respectively; Ref., reference.
aBMI: weight (kg)/height2 (m).
bPrevalent CAC was defined as the Agatston score ≥10.
cModel 1 adjusted for age (years). Model 2 further adjusted for smoking (never, past, and current), alcohol drinking (never, past, current <23 g/day, current ≥23 g/day), serum level of LDLc, use of lipid medication(s) (yes/no). Model 3 further adjusted for diabetes mellitus (yes/no), hypertension (yes/no). Model 4 further adjusted for serum levels of HDLc and lnTG. Diabetes mellitus was defined as the use of anti-diabetic medication(s) or fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL). Hypertension was defined as the use of anti-hypertensive medication(s) or systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg.