TABLE 3.
Longitudinal models showing factors associated with infant WAZ, LAZ, and BMIZ from 24–48 wk1
| WAZ |
LAZ |
BMIZ |
||||
|
n = 1619 |
n = 1609 |
n = 1607 |
||||
| Coefficient | 95% CI | Coefficient | 95% CI | Coefficient | 95% CI | |
| Seasonal food insecurity since last visit (ref: none) | ||||||
| Partial | −0.02 | (−0.04, 0.00) | −0.03 | (−0.07, 0.00) | 0.00 | (−0.04, 0.03) |
| All | −0.08 | (−0.10, −0.05)*** | −0.02 | (−0.06, 0.02) | −0.09 | (−0.13, −0.05)*** |
| Fever | −0.07 | (−0.10, −0.05)*** | 0.03 | (−0.00, 0.07) | −0.13 | (−0.16, −0.09)*** |
| Diarrhea | −0.19 | (−0.21, −0.16)*** | −0.04 | (−0.08, 0.00) | −0.23 | (−0.27, −0.19)*** |
| Treatment arm (ref: C) | ||||||
| mLNS | 0.00 | (−0.18, 0.17) | 0.19 | (0.04, 0.34)* | −0.16 | (−0.35, 0.03) |
| mLNS-mARV | −0.13 | (−0.29, 0.03) | −0.05 | (−0.18, 0.09) | −0.14 | (−0.31, 0.03) |
| mARV | −0.14 | (−0.30, 0.03) | −0.05 | (−0.19, 0.09) | −0.14 | (−0.32, 0.03) |
| mLNS-iARV | −0.09 | (−0.25, 0.07) | −0.07 | (−0.20, 0.07) | −0.09 | (−0.26, 0.08) |
| iARV | −0.17 | (−0.33, −0.01)* | −0.07 | (−0.20, 0.07) | −0.17 | (−0.34, −0.00)* |
| Infant sex (ref: male) | 0.14 | (0.05, 0.23)** | 0.32 | (0.25, 0.40)*** | −0.06 | (−0.16, 0.03) |
| Maternal height | 0.03 | (0.02, 0.03)*** | 0.04 | (0.03, 0.05)*** | 0.00 | (−0.00, 0.01) |
| Maternal education (ref: primary or less) | 0.08 | (0.01, 0.15)* | 0.11 | (0.05, 0.17)*** | 0.02 | (−0.06, 0.09) |
| Maternal age at screening | 0.00 | (−0.01, 0.01) | −0.01 | (−0.01, 0.00) | 0.00 | (−0.01, 0.01) |
| First birth | 0.01 | (–0.15, 0.17) | 0.00 | (−0.14, 0.13) | −0.05 | (−0.22, 0.13) |
| Corresponding anthropometric Z-score at birth | 0.45 | (0.39, 0.50)*** | 0.46 | (0.42, 0.50)*** | 0.19 | (0.14, 0.23)*** |
| Study visit (ref: 24 wk), wk | ||||||
| 28 | −0.03 | (−0.06, −0.01)* | −0.08 | (−0.13, −0.04)*** | 0.02 | (−0.02, 0.06) |
| 32 | −0.10 | (−0.13, −0.08)*** | −0.20 | (−0.24, −0.16)*** | 0.02 | (−0.03, 0.06) |
| 36 | −0.17 | (−0.19, −0.14)*** | −0.34 | (−0.38, −0.29)*** | 0.04 | (−0.00, 0.08) |
| 42 | −0.27 | (−0.30, −0.25)*** | −0.49 | (−0.53, −0.44)*** | 0.02 | (−0.03, 0.06) |
| 48 | −0.33 | (−0.36, −0.31)*** | −0.64 | (−0.68, −0.60)*** | 0.07 | (0.02, 0.11)*** |
| Intercept | −0.69 | (−0.93, −0.46) | −1.66 | (−1.86, −1.46) | 0.38 | (0.14, 0.63) |
Columns represent growth outcomes (WAZ, LAZ, and BMIZ) and rows are covariates included in the model. For continuous covariates (such as age), the coefficients are slopes, while for indicator variables (such as mLNS), the coefficients are intercepts. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. BMIZ, BMI-for-age Z-score; C, control; iARV, infant antiretroviral drug; LAZ, length-for-age Z-score; mARV, maternal antiretroviral drug; mLNS, maternal lipid-based nutrient supplements; mLNS-mARV, maternal lipid-based nutrient supplements, maternal antiretroviral drug; mLNS-iARV, maternal lipid-based nutrient supplements, infant antiretroviral drug; WAZ, weight-for-age Z-score.