Table 1.

Silent brain infarction in acute ischaemic stroke, CAD and PAD

Disease	Study	Study title	N	Mean age (range), years	SBI (%)
AIS	Boon et al. (1994)16	Silent brain infarction in 755 consecutive patients with first-ever supratentorial ischemic stroke. Relationships with index-stroke subtype, vascular risk factors and mortality	755	71	27
	Brainin et al. (1995)13	Silent brain infarcts and transient ischemic attacks: a three-year study of first-ever ischemic stroke patients: the Klosterneuburg stroke data bank	728	68 ± 10	11
	Chodosh et al. (1988)17	Silent stroke in the NINCDS stroke data bank	1203	69.1	11
	Corea et al. (2001)18	Silent infarcts in stroke patients: patient characteristics and effect on 2-year outcome	202	70.05	25.7
	Corea et al. (2002)19	Brain CT scan in acute stroke patients: silent infarcts and relation to outcome	191	76	37.8
	Coutts et al. (2005)20	Silent ischemia in minor stroke and TIA patients identified on MR imaging	143	–	9.8
	Davis et al. (1996)21	Silent cerebral infarction in patients enrolled in the TOAST study	629	65	22.7
	Giele et al. (2004)9	Silent brain infarcts in patients with manifest vascular disease	308	58	17
	Herderschee et al. (1992)22	Silent stroke in patients with TIA or minor ischemic stroke	2329		13
	Jorgensen et al. (1994)14	Silent infarction in acute stroke patients: prevalence, localization, risk factors and clinical significance: the Copenhagen Stroke Study	322	73 ± 12	32.5
	Kang et al. (2006)23	Silent ischemic lesion recurrence on MRI predicts subsequent clinical vascular events	104	–	33.7
	Kase et al. (1989)24	Prevalence of silent stroke in patients presenting with initial stroke: the Framingham Study	124	46	10
	Liebetrau et al. (2004)25	Silent and symptomatic infarcts on cranial computerized tomography in relation to dementia and mortality: a population-based study in 85-year-old subjects	239	All 85	8.6
	Minn et al. (2005)6	Significance of silent infarcts in acute ischaemic stroke patients aged 80 years or older	50	≥ 80	76
	Oh et al. (2010)26	The prevalence and risk factor analysis of silent brain infarcts in patients with first-ever stroke	395	63.8	33.4
	Ong et al. (2009)10	Impact of silent infarction on the outcome of stroke patients	226	68 ± 13	20
	Ricci et al. (1993)27	Silent brain infarction in patients with first-ever stroke. A community based study in Umbria, Italy	209	71	38.3
	Vermeer et al. (2002)11	Prevalence and risk factors of silent brain infarcts in the population-based Rotterdam Scan Study	1077	75	24
	Vermeer et al. (2003)2	Silent brain infarcts and white matter lesions increase stroke risks in the general population: the Rotterdam Scan Study	668	71 ± 7	14
CAD	Geerlings et al. (2010)28	Brain volumes and cerebrovascular lesions on MRI in patients with atherosclerotic disease. The SMART study	1044	58 ± 10 years	10
	Giele et al. (2004)9	Silent brain infarcts in patients with manifest vascular disease	308	18–79	17
	Hara et al. (1994)7	Silent cerebral infarction associated with coronary artery disease	50	–	80
	Hoshide et al. (2001)29	Different patterns of silent cerebral infarct in patients with coronary artery disease or hypertension	107	62	46
	Kozdag et al. (2008)30	Silent cerebral infarction in chronic heart failure: ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy	72	50–74	39
	Nadareishvili et al. (1999)31	Cerebral microembolism in acute myocardial Infarction	112	68 ± 11 years	15
	Ozeren et al. (1998)32	Silent cerebral lesions on MRI in subjects with CAD	72		43
	Pardo et al. (1998)33	Silent brain infarctions in patients with coronary artery disease. A Spanish population survey	100	34–82	30
	Selvetella et al. (2003)34	Left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with asymptomatic cerebral damage in hypertensive patients	195	67 ± 1 years	55
	Siachos et al. (2005)35	Silent strokes in patients with heart failure	117	51	34
	Uekita et al. (2003)36	Cervical and intercranial atherosclerosis and silent brain infarction in Japanese patients with CAD	133	–	58
PAD	Geerlings et al. (2010)28	Brain volumes and cerebrovascular lesions on MRI in patients with atherosclerotic disease. The SMART study	1044	58 ± 10 years	5
	Giele et al. (2004)9	Silent brain infarcts in patients with manifest vascular disease	58	18–79	21

TIA, transient ischaemic attack; NINCDS, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke; CT, computed tomography; SBI, silent brain infarction; CAD, coronary artery disease; PAD, peripheral artery disease; AIS, acute ischaemic stroke; TOAST, Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; SMART, Second Manifestation of ARTerial disease study; SMART-MR, Second Manifestation of ARTerial disease in Magnetic Resonance