Figure 3. Chromosomal location of genes differentially expressed between reproductive morphs.

Frequency of X-linkage for genes with different rate of expression among males, sexual females and asexual females. Genes were classified according to their pattern of expression (M, F and A stand for male, sexual female and asexual female, respectively, and the sign represents relative expression in each morph) considering different minimal fold-change in expression between reproductive morphs (2-, 5- and 10-fold). The black line shows the expected frequency of X-linkage (based on genes supported by at least 5 reads over the eight libraries). Significance for deviation from the random expectation was calculated with Chi2-tests (* : p<0.05, **: p<0.01, *** : p<0.001). Theoretical predictions for the preferred genomic location of these different classes of genes (derived under the hypothesis that the evolution of sex-biased gene expression to restrict the product of a sexually antagonistic allele to the sex it benefits might solve intra-locus sexual conflicts) are shown on the top of the figure.