Table 2. Rise time and decay time of synapses used in our model.

	rise (msec)	decay (msec)
excitatory synapses	0.25	1
inhibitory synapses from FS cells	0.5	8
NMDA synapses	5.0	100
inhibition from SI cells	0.5	20
excitation from L5 pyramids to L2/3 SI	2.5	50

Non-fast spiking interneurons elicited slowly decaying inhibition [77], [113], and inhibition of L5 Martinotti cells has slower kinetics than that of L5 FS cells [53]. Thus, we set SI to produce slowly decaying inhibition. Specifically, we adopted decaying time from models of low threshold spiking interneurons in earlier computational works [32], [38].