Table 1. Demographic, household and nutritional characteristics of the study sample according to STH infection.
| Infection status | |||||||
| All children | Positive for any STH | Non-infected | Mono-parasitism | Poly-parasitism | |||
| N = 320 | N = 232 | N = 88 | N = 129 | N = 103 | |||
| Characteristics | n (%)a | n (%)a | p-value b | n (%)a | n (%)a | n (%)a | p-value c |
| Sex | |||||||
| Girls | 154 (48.1) | 110 (47.4) | 0.708 | 44 (50.0) | 69 (53.5) | 41 (39.8) | 0.107 |
| Age | |||||||
| 7–10 years old | 234 (73.1) | 161 (69.4) | 0.016 | 73 (83.0) | 88 (68.2) | 73 (70.9) | 0.046 |
| >10 years old | 86 (26.9) | 71 (30.6) | 15 (17.0) | 41 (31.8) | 30 (29.1) | ||
| Household | |||||||
| Earthen floor | 118 (36.9) | 99 (42.7) | <0.001 | 19 (21.6) | 50 (38.8) | 49 (47.6) | 0.001 |
| Access to tap water | 276 (86.3) | 194 (83.6) | 0.029 | 82 (93.2) | 111 (86.0) | 83 (80.6) | 0.042 |
| Having toilet | 167 (52.2) | 123 (53) | 0.618 | 44 (50.0) | 79 (61.2) | 44 (43.1) | 0.021 |
| Owning TV set | 154 (48.1) | 100 (43.1) | 0.003 | 54 (61.4) | 64 (49.6) | 36 (35.0) | 0.001 |
| Owning fridge | 119 (37.2) | 74 (31.9) | 0.002 | 45 (51.1) | 46 (35.7) | 28 (27.2) | 0.003 |
| School deworming schedule | |||||||
| None-once/year | 246 (76.9) | 177 (76.3) | 0.767 | 69 (78.4) | 84 (65.1) | 93 (90.3) | <0.001 |
| Twice/year | 74 (23.1) | 55 (23.7) | 19 (21.6) | 45 (34.9) | 10 (9.7) | ||
| Nutritional indicators | |||||||
| Mean HAZ score (n = 320) | −0.44 (0.96) | −0.50 (0.97) | 0.097 | −0.30 (0.94) | −0.40 (0.95) | −0.60 (0.97) | 0.071 |
| Mean BAZ score (n = 320) | −0.04 (0.99) | −0.06 (1.00) | 0.492 | 0.02 (0.98) | 0.05 (1.06) | −0.17 (0.93) | 0.202 |
| Mean WAZd score (n = 234) | −0.09 (0.92) | −0.15 (0.94) | 0.131 | 0.05 (0.89) | 0.04 (0.92) | −0.33 (0.92) | 0.012 |
| Stunted (< −2 SD HAZ) | 18 (5.6) | 14 (6.0) | 0.788 | 4 (4.5) | 5 (4.3) | 9 (7.7) | 0.475 |
| Thin (< −2 SD BAZ) | 7 (2.2) | 6 (2.6) | 0.678 | 1 (1.1) | 3 (2.6) | 3 (2.6) | 0.731 |
| Underweight (< −2 SD WAZ) | 3 (1.3) | 3 (1.9) | 0.554 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.7) | 0.057 |
| Mean total serum proteins (g/dL) | 7.48 (0.47) | 7.47 (0.47) | 0.482 | 7.51 (0.48) | 7.45 (0.45) | 7.49 (0.49) | 0.663 |
| Mean hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.94 (0.76) | 12.95 (0.77) | 0.607 | 12.91 (0.74) | 12.99 (0.83) | 12.93 (0.71) | 0.735 |
| Mean hematocrit (%) | 38.99 (2.11) | 39.07 (2.15) | 0.255 | 38.77 (2.02) | 39.01 (2.31) | 39.13 (1.98) | 0.475 |
| Anemia | 7 (2.2) | 6 (1.9) | 0.678 | 1 (1.1) | 4 (3.5) | 2 (1.7) | 0.478 |
a
For continuous variables, values in parentheses are the standard deviation.
b
Independent t-test used for continuous variables and chi-square test used for categorical variables.
c
One-way ANOVA used for continuous variables and chi-square test used for categorical variables.
d
WAZ calculation is not recommended for children >10 years of age.