Table 3. Adjusted coefficients (β) from multivariable GEE linear models of anthropometric indicators, accounting for within-school clustering.
HAZ (n = 320) | BAZ (n = 320) | WAZ† (n = 234) | |||||
Variable | Category | Coefficient (β) (95% CI) | p-value | Coefficient (β) (95% CI) | p-value | Coefficient (β) (95% CI) | p-value |
Model 1: Infection intensity | |||||||
Age a | --- | −0.16 (−0.24, −0.09) | <0.001 | −0.12 (−0.21, −0.03) | 0.008 | −0.05 (−0.18, 0.08) | 0.428 |
Sex | Girls | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Boys | 0.05 (−0.15, 0.26) | 0.622 | −0.03 (−0.24, 0.19) | 0.800 | 0.16 (−0.07, 0.40) | 0.169 | |
SES b | --- | 0.03 (−0.08, 0.13) | 0.605 | 0.08 (−0.03, 0.19) | 0.130 | 0.06 (−0.05, 0.17) | 0.296 |
Anemia | Absence | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Presence | 0.08 (−0.80, 0.95) | 0.865 | 0.25 (−0.37, 0.88) | 0.428 | −0.19 (−0.63, 0.25) | 0.399 | |
Infection intensity | Negative-to-light | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Moderate-to-heavy | −0.20 (−0.44, 0.04) | 0.108 | −0.06 (−0.31, 0.19) | 0.622 | −0.34 (−0.62, −0.06) | 0.018 | |
Model 2: Infection status | |||||||
Age a | --- | −0.16 (−0.24, −0.09) | < 0.001 | −0.12 (−0.21, −0.35) | 0.006 | −0.06 (−0.19, 0.06) | 0.326 |
Sex | Girls | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Boys | 0.06 (−0.15, 0.26) | 0.568 | −0.02 (−0.23, 0.20) | 0.872 | 0.17 (−0.07, 0.40) | 0.160 | |
SES b | --- | 0.02 (−0.08, 0.13) | 0.659 | 0.08 (−0.03, 0.18) | 0.164 | 0.05 (−0.06, 0.17) | 0.346 |
Anemia | Absence | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Presence | 0.09 (−0.77, 0.95) | 0.842 | 0.23 (−0.37, 0.83) | 0.452 | −0.17 (−0.53, 0.17) | 0.321 | |
Infection status | Non-infected | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Monoparasitism | −0.03 (−0.29, 0.22) | 0.793 | 0.08 (−0.19, 0.36) | 0.553 | 0.02 (−0.27, 0.30) | 0.906 | |
Polyparasitism | −0.24 (−0.50, 0.02) | 0.074 | −0.10 (−0.37–0.16) | 0.446 | −0.37 (−0.66, −0.08) | 0.012 |
GEE: Generalized estimating equations.
HAZ: height-for-age Z-score; BAZ: BMI-for-age Z-score; WAZ: weight-for-age Z-score.
WAZ calculation is not recommended for children >10 years of age.
Age as continuous variable in years.
SES: Socio-economic status. Factor constructed as described in ‘Methods’ section.