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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 9.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2012 Apr 18;13(5):328–335. doi: 10.1038/nrm3335

Figure 3. The immune synapse (IS) acts as a platform facilitating the passage of genetic material between cells.

Figure 3

During immune synapsis, the molecules involved in antigen recognition (TCR and peptide-loaded-MHC class II) locate at a central cluster surrounded by a peripheral ring enriched in adhesion molecules (integrin LFA-1 and ICAMs) and the actin cytoskeleton. The T lymphocyte orients its MTOC and secretory compartments (Golgi apparatus and MVBs) toward the APC. We propose that the IS provides a more efficient path for the exchange of genetic material through the combination of different mechanisms, including the polarized secretion of microRNA-loaded exosomes, trans-endocytosis and membrane bridges. Pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, hijack biological synapses to spread from cell to cell. APC, antigen presenting cell; MVB, multivesicular body.