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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2013 Mar 13;22(3):545–561. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2013.02.009

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Comparison of drug penetration distances from nearest blood vessel for free drug ± 42°C heating for 1 hour, LTSL-Dox + heat and Doxil + heat (A, B). Green = CD31 for endothelial cells, red = doxorubicin, and yellow = EF5 hypoxia marker. The difference in total amount of drug delivered for free drug versus LTSL drug is obvious, but more importantly is the drug coverage around tumor blood vessels and the encroachment into hypoxic areas. The drug penetration distance was doubled for P = .0106, between LTSL + HT and Doxil + HT compared with the other treatment groups (C, D). The differences were highly significant. (From Manzoor AA, Lindner LH, Landon CD, et al. Overcoming limitations in nanoparticle drug delivery: triggered, intravascular release to improve drug penetration into tumors. Cancer Res 2012;72(21):5573; with permission.)