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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 9.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Neurol. 2011 Feb 22;7(4):229–236. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2011.21

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Monoaminergic and cholinergic pathways that can be disrupted by white matter lesions. Sagittal brain MRI slice showing the deep forebrain where subcortical monoaminergic and cholinergic axons pass close to the ventricles before fanning out to the cortex. The dopaminergic mesofrontal and limbic cortical pathways (green) originate from the ventral tegmental area. Noradrenergic cortical pathways (red) originate from the locus coeruleus. Serotonergic cortical pathways originate from the raphe nuclei (blue). Cholinergic projections originating from the nucleus basalis of Meynert are shown in black. Periventricular frontal white matter lesions are strategically located to disrupt these ascending neuromodulator system projections.