Figure 6.

Surgical technique for robotic assisted microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord. (a) The locations of testicular arteries are being determined utilizing the VTI (Vascular Technology Inc., Nashua, NH, USA) micro-Doppler probe. (b) Perivasal nerve fibers are cauterized. (c) Hydrodissection of residual pain fibers using the ERBEJET2 hydro-dissector probe (ERBE Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA). (d) Wrapping of the spermatic cord with Axoguard neuro-protective wrap (Axogen Inc., Gainesville, FL, USA) to prevent neuroma formation and prevent irritation or scarring at ligated nerve ends.