Table 2. Criteria for active surveillance.

Study	Criteria for active surveillance
Klotz et al.²³	1. Gleason≤6
	2. PSA≤10 ng ml⁻¹
	3. Stage T1b to T2b N0M0
	4. Patients older than 70 years with PSA≤15 ng ml⁻¹ or Gleason≤3+4
Carter et al.^{24, 25}	1. PSADa≤0.15 ng ml⁻¹ cm⁻³
	2. Stage T1c
	3. Favorable biopsy characteristics, i.e. Gleason≤6 with no Gleason pattern grade of 4 or 5, no more than 2 cores positive for cancer, and no more than 50% of any 1 core involved with cancer
Kakehi et al.²⁶	1. Age ranging between 50 and 80
	2. Initial serum PSA of ≤20 ng ml⁻¹
	3. Number of positive core being one or two per 6–12 systematic biopsy cores
	4. Gleason score ≤6
	5. ≤50% cancer involvement in any of the positive cores

Abbreviations: PSA, prostate-specific antigen, PSAD, prostate-specific antigen density.

PSAD: PSA before diagnosis divided by prostate volume determined by transrectal ultrasound measurement.