Table 2.

9th-grade predictors of 10th grade substance use

	Lifetime cigarette			Past-month cigarette			Lifetime alcohol			Past-month alcohol			Lifetime marijuana			Past-month marijuana
	OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI
Age	1.19	0.91	1.54	1.10	0.70	1.71	0.78	0.61	1.01	0.85	0.66	1.10	1.11	0.84	1.46	1.10	0.77	1.57
Female (vs. male)	0.64	0.51	0.80	0.68	0.46	1.01	1.06	0.86	1.32	0.98	0.79	1.22	0.67	0.53	0.84	0.51	0.37	0.69
SES	0.83	0.67	1.01	0.77	0.54	1.09	1.00	0.82	1.22	1.07	0.87	1.30	0.89	0.72	1.11	1.04	0.79	1.38
Adolescent’s U.S. orientation	0.76	0.35	1.68	0.65	0.17	2.49	1.47	0.68	3.17	0.76	0.35	1.65	1.00	0.43	2.33	1.50	0.50	4.47
Adolescent’s Hispanic orientation	0.29	0.16	0.52	0.24	0.09	0.66	0.43	0.24	0.76	0.58	0.33	1.03	0.21	0.11	0.38	0.29	0.13	0.65
PPEC-U.S.	0.86	0.40	1.82	1.18	0.33	4.26	0.50	0.24	1.05	0.38	0.18	0.81	0.62	0.28	1.37	0.60	0.22	1.64
PPEC-Hispanic	2.64	1.27	5.49	1.17	0.34	4.07	4.96	2.43	10.11	1.88	0.92	3.82	2.36	1.09	5.10	1.01	0.38	2.67

Note: Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals that do not include 1.00 (indicated in italics) are significant at p < .05