Figure 2.

Montage of micrographs of spermatozoa that display post-acrosomal expansion (arrows). (a) Testicular spermatozoa from explants (Liu et al.⁸ with permission), (b) epididymal spermatozoa (Soler et al.¹⁷ with permission) and (c–e) seminal spermatozoa (Ludwig and Frick²⁴ with permission). The ejaculated spermatozoa resemble the immature testicular and caput epididymidal spermatozoa in air-dried smears, and thus may indicate epididymal dysfunction (inadequate maturation or unusually rapid epididymal transit). Sperm head forms: G, ghosts; M, macro; N, normal.