Table 1.
Baseline Demographic, Clinical and Psychological Characteristics by Bereavement status§
| Offspring | Bereaved 240 | Control 183 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antecedent | Test | df | P | ||
| Gender, N (% female) | 118 (49.2) | 92 (50.3) | χ2=0.05 | 1 | .82 |
| Age, (M± SD) | 13.6±3.7 | 12.9±3.2 | t=2.03 | 416.08 | .04 |
| Race, N (Caucasian %) | 190 (79.2) | 155 (84.7) | χ2 =2.11 | 1 | .15 |
| Socio-economic status, | 35.6±8.3 | 37.8±7.3 | t=−1.67 | 160 | .10 |
| Previous history of | 26 (10.9) | 1 (0.6) | χ2 | 1 | <.001 |
| Characteristics | |||||
| Depression, N (%) | 52(23.1) | 11(6.0) | χ2 | 1 | <.001 |
| PTSD, N (%) | 22 (9.3) | 0 (0.0) | FET | - | <.001 |
| Functional Impairment | 75.9 ±12.1 | 82.5±10.0 | t=−6.10 | 417.58 | <.001 |
| Self-reported | |||||
| Depression** | 0.4 ±1.1 | −0.1±0.9 | t=4.70 | 386.76 | <.001 |
| Anxiety** | 0.3±1.1 | 0.04±0.9 | t=2.22 | 390.09 | .03 |
| PTSD | 5.8±7.5 | 1.1±3.2 | t=6.91 | 249.80 | <.001 |
| Suicidal Ideation | 23.0±12.0 | 19.8±9.6 | t=2.90 | 383.83 | .004 |
| Health Risk Behaviors** | 0.2±1.1 | −0.03±0.9 | t=2.03 | 345.75 | .04 |
| Psychological | |||||
| Self Esteem | 13.8±5.8 | 12.6±5.2 | t=2.29 | 389.80 | .02 |
| Aggression | 72.1±23.3 | 66.2±20.1 | t=2.65 | 389 | .008 |
| Social Support** | −0.2 ±1.0 | 0.1± 0.9 | t=−2.83 | 388 | .005 |
| Physical or Sexual | 21 (8.8) | 3 (1.6) | χ2 =9.87 | 1 | .002 |
| Adult Caregiver | 149 (59.6) | 101 (40.4) | |||
| Previous History of | 70 (47.0) | 33 (33.0) | χ2 =4.82 | 1 | .03 |
| Previous History of | 49 (32.9) | 15 (14.9) | χ2 | 1 | .001 |
| New Onset Diagnosis* | |||||
| New Onset Depression, | 53 (39.6) | 9 (10.3) | χ2 | 1 | <.001 |
| New Onset PTSD, N (%) | 38 (26.0) | 2 (2.3) | χ2 | 1 | <.001 |
| Functional impairment | 73.8 ±12.5 | 82.0±9.2 | t=−5.76 | 220.95 | .001 |
| Depression | 66 (43.1) | 32 (33.0) | χ2 =2.56 | 1 | .11 |
| Bipolar Disorder | 20 (13.0) | 3 (3.0) | χ2 =7.23 | 1 | .007 |
| Alcohol or Substance | 95 (62.1) | 42 (42.4) | χ2 =9.37 | 1 | .002 |
| Any Axis II Disorder | 27 (17.5) | 3 (3.0) | χ2=12.13 | 1 | <.001 |
§
Only significant results included.
*
New onset since the death
**
Standardized scores