Table 2. Population-based rates of norovirus disease–associated outcomes across all age groups by outcome*.
| Outcome | Study (reference) | Country | Rate/10,000 population (uncertainty bounds)† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deaths | Scallan et al. (6) | United States | 0.019 (0.011–0.029) |
| Hall et al. (9) | United States | 0.027 (0.023–0.031) | |
|
|
Verhoef et al. (13) |
The Netherlands |
0.040 (0.020–0.070) |
| Hospitalizations | Scallan et al. (6) | United States | 1.9 (1.1–2.9) |
| Lopman et al. (10) | United States | 2.4 (NR) | |
|
|
Verhoef et al. (13) |
The Netherlands |
1.2 (0.5–2) |
| Emergency department visits |
Gastañaduy et al. (11) |
United States |
13.5 (8.0–18.9) |
| Outpatient visits | Hall et al. (7) | United States | 64.0 (36.0–120.0) |
| Gastañaduy et al. (11) | United States | 57.0 (40.0–74) | |
| Verhoef et al. (13) | The Netherlands | 92.0 (50.0–150) | |
| Phillips et al. (14) | United Kingdom | 54.0 (48.0–60) | |
| Tam et al. (15) | United Kingdom | 21.0 (14.0–30) | |
|
|
Karsten et al. (16) |
Germany |
63.0 (29.0–107) |
| Total illnesses | Scallan et al. (6) | United States | 698.0 (430.0–1,028) |
| Hall et al. (7) | United States | 650.0 (370.0–1,200) | |
| Verhoef et al. (13) | The Netherlands | 380.0 (264.0–544) | |
| Phillips et al. (14) | United Kingdom | 450.0 (380.0–520) | |
| Tam et al. (15) | United Kingdom | 470.0 (391.0–565) | |
| Thomas et al. (17) | Canada | 1,040.0 (924.0–1,163) |