| 4-tert-octylphenol |
Injection of 20 or 80 mg for 2 months |
Decreased sperm count, increased head abnormalities of the sperm |
87 |
| Atrazine |
Oral administration of 120 or 200 mg kg−1 body weight for 7 and 16 days |
Increased oxidative stress, decreased epididymal sperm motility, viability and defoliation of germ cells |
57 |
| 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) |
Intraperitoneal injection of 50 µg kg−1 body weight |
Decreased percentage of tubules containing sperm, decreased sperm count, decreased germ cell count and Sertoli cell index and upregulation of testis-specific proteins |
88 |
| Aroclor 1254 |
Intraperitoneal injection of 0.75, 1.5 or 3 mg kg−1 day-1
|
Decreased weight of the testis, decreased sperm count, motility and daily sperm production, decreased levels of mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes |
89 |
| Methyl parathion |
Single intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg kg−1 body weight and sperm collected on the 7th and 28th day |
Decreased sperm quality, decreased DNA integrity of spermatozoa and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential |
90 |
| 1,1-dichloro-2,2 bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p′-DDE) |
Intraperitoneal injection of 20, 60 or 100 mg kg−1 body weight for 10 days |
Increased oxidative stress and increased levels of FasL, caspase-3 and caspase-8 |
32 |
| Malathion |
Single intraperitoneal injection of 240 mg kg−1 body weight and killed on 1, 8, 16, 35 and 40 days |
Decreased sperm count, increased incidence of teratozoospermia and depletion of seminiferous tubules |
91 |
