Table 2. Comparison of fifth World Health Organization (WHO) manual for normal morphology values with recently published literature values.
| Author | Population1 | Cut-off value |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fertile | Subfertile | Infertile | TZI | AI | ||
| Van Zyl et al. 23, 29, 31 | In vivo pregnancies | 20 | 10 | 3 | ||
| Kruger et al. 32, 33 | IVF fertilization rates | |||||
| Initial published intervals | ≥ 15 | 14–4 | ≤ 3 | |||
| Intervals as used in practice | ≥ 15 | 14–5 | ≤ 4 | |||
| Eggert-Kruse et al. 34 | In vivo pregnancies | 14 | 7 | 4 | ||
| Ombelet et al. 35 | ||||||
| Tenth percentile | Fertile population | 10 | ||||
| ROC curve analysis | Fertile vs. subfertile | 5 | ||||
| Zinaman et al. 36 | Healthy couples | 8 | ||||
| Günalp et al. 38 | Fertile vs. subfertile | 12 | 52 | |||
| Menkveld et al. 37 | ||||||
| ROC curve analysis | Fertile vs. subfertile | 4 | 1.64 | 8 | ||
| Adjusted | Fertile vs. subfertile | 3 | 2.09 | 3 | ||
| Tenth (upper) percentile | Fertile population | 2 | 1.82 | 5 | ||
| Guzick et al. 39 | Fertile vs. subfertile | > 12 | 9–12 | < 9 | ||
| Haugen et al. 40 | ||||||
| Tenth percentile | Fertile population | 4 | ||||
| Fifth percentile | 3 | 1.72 | ||||
| Fifth WHO manual 1 | ||||||
| Fifth percentile | Recent fathers | 4 | ||||
Abbreviations: IVF, in vitro fertilization; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; TZI, teratozoospermia index; AI, acrosome index.
1
See text for more detailed descriptions of populations investigated.
2
Based on the positive and negative predictive values (see Gunalp et al. 38).