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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2013 May 18;8(4):998–1009. doi: 10.1007/s11481-013-9471-7

Figure 2. HIV/MDM activates calcium permeable purinergic receptors.

Figure 2

HIV/MDM-evoked calcium flux was quantified in the presence of the indicated calcium channel antagonists. (A) Representative traces showing low dose HIV/MDM (1:500)-evoked [Ca2+]c responses in neuronal dendrites in the presence of vehicle (Control), or antagonists for NMDA (MK-801; 10 µM), AMPA (NBQX; 10 µM), L-type voltage operated calcium channels (Nifedipine; 10 µM), general blockers of calcium permeable P2X receptors (PPADS: 10 µM. Suramin; 100 µM), P2X7 (AZ10606120; 10 µM), P2X4 (5-BDBD; 10 µM), and HIV/MDM supernatants pre-incubated with apyrase (2U/10 µl). (B) Summary data showing peak amplitudes of [Ca2+]c responses for the indicated conditions. Data are the average ± SD of [Ca2+]c responses recorded from 30–35 dendrites in 7 independent experiments. ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc comparisons. *** p < 0.001.