Table 2.
Study outcomes for studies included in meta-analysis
| Extracted data |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Sample size (intervention, control) | Adherence definition (assessment measure) | Intervention group | Control group | p Value | Effect size (Hedges’ g) (95% CI) |
| Bailey et al34 | 225 (124, 101) | Percentage of patients scored as adherent on all 6 items of a self-report scale (based on Morisky's self-reported scale) | Mean=91.9 | Mean=61.7 | 0.001 | 0.44 (0.18 to 0.71) |
| Berger et al40 | 367 (172, 195) | Percentage of patients discontinuing treatment by study endpoint (patient interview) | Mean=98.8 | Mean=91.3 | 0.001 | 0.35 (0.14 to 0.55) |
| Brown et al29 | 69 (36, 33) | Percentage of prescribed doses taken over a month (electronic monitoring) | Mean (SD)=93.4 (12.3) | Mean (SD)=79.1 (28.1) | 0.66 (0.18 to 1.14) | |
| DiIorio et al41 | 17 (8, 9) | Mean number of missed medicines in the last 30 days (self-report questionnaire) | Mean (SD)=0.13 (0.35) | Mean (SD)=0.98 (1.48) | 0.73 (−0.21 to 1.67) | |
| DiIorio et al42 | 213 (107, 106) | Percentage of doses taken during the intervention period (electronic monitoring) | Mean=64 | Mean=55 | 0.09 | 0.23 (−0.04 to 0.50) |
| Farmer et al27 | 211 (126, 85) | Percentage of days during a 12-week period in which medication was taken correctly (electronic monitoring) | Mean (SD)=77.4 (26.3) | Mean (SD)=64.0 (30.8) | 0.04 | 0.47 (0.20 to 0.75) |
| George et al30 | 343 (170, 173) | Percentage of participants classed as adherent (Morisky self-report scale) | Mean=72.2 | Mean=63.8 | 0.09 | 0.18 (−0.03 to 0.39) |
| Golin et al39 | 117 (59, 58) | Percentage of prescribed doses taken in the month prior to the study endpoint (CAS) | Mean (SD)=76 (27) | Mean (SD)=71 (27) | 0.18 (−0.18 to 0.54) | |
| Hovell et al51 | 188 (92, 96) | Cumulative number of doses taken over 9 months (patient interview) | Mean (SD)=179.93 (57.01) | Mean (SD)=150.98 (73.75) | 0.44 (0.15 to 0.72) | |
| Konkle-Parker et al 38 | 36 (21,15) | Percentage of patients taking >90% of their medications in the last 3–4 weeks (prescription refill data) | Mean (SD)=0.93 (0.23) | Mean (SD)=0.92 (0.27) | 0.04 (−0.61 to 0.69) | |
| Maneesriwongul et al37 | 60 (30, 30) | Mean percentage of doses taken over the last 4 weeks (self-report using a visual analogue scale) | Mean (SD)=97.1 (3.3) | Mean (SD)=89.8 (5.6) | 1.55 (0.98 to 2.12) | |
| Murphy et al52 | 33 (17, 16) | Percentage of doses taken during the intervention period (self-report questionnaire) | Mean (SD)=0.86 (0.33) | Mean (SD)=0.83 (0.36) | 0.09 (−0.58 to 0.75) | |
| Ogedegbe et al36 | 160 (79, 81) | Percentage of days during a 2-month period in which medication was taken correctly (electronic monitoring) | Mean=56.9 | Mean=42.9 | 0.027 | 0.35 (0.04 to 0.66) |
| Pradier et al50 | 202 (123, 121) | Percentage of patients deemed to be adherent (taking 100% of doses; self-report questionnaire) | Mean=75 | Mean=61 | 0.04 | 0.34 (0.02 to 0.65) |
| Put et al35 | 23 (12, 11) | Frequency of non-adherent behaviour over the last 3 months (self-report questionnaire) | Mean (SD)=6.9 (1.2) | Mean (SD)=8.1 (3.1) | 0.50 (−0.30 to 1.30) | |
| Remien et al49 | 196 (106, 109) | Percentage of doses taken during the previous 2 weeks (electronic monitoring) | Mean (SD)=76 (27) | Mean (SD)=60 (34) | 0.52 (0.25 to 0.79) | |
| Safren et al44 | 53 (28, 25) | Percentage of prescribed doses taken over the last 2 weeks (self-report questionnaire) | Mean (SD)=93 (22) | Mean (SD)=94 (10) | −0.06 (−0.59 to 0.47) | |
| Sheeran and Orbell28 | 78 (38, 40) | Number of once daily doses missed over a 3 week period (self-report questionnaire) | Mean=2.68 | Mean=4.85 | 0.05 | 0.45 (0.00 to 0.89) |
| Simoni et al48 | 114 (57, 57) | Percentage of doses taken over the last 7 days (electronic monitoring) | Mean (SD)=32.3 (42.5) | Mean (SD)=29.1 (39.7) | 0.08 (−0.29 to 0.44) | |
| Smith et al47 | 17 (8, 9) | Percentage of participants taking ≥80% of their weekly doses (electronic monitoring) | OR=7.8 (2.2 to 28.1) | 1.08 (0.41 to 1.74) | ||
| Solomon et al43 | 2087 (1046, 1041) | Median % medication possession ratio (prescription refill data) | Median=49 IQR=7 to 88 |
Median=41 IQR=2 to 86 |
0.07 | 0.08 (−0.01 to 0.17) |
| Tuldrà et al46 | 77 (36, 41) | Percentage of patients with monthly adherence ≥95% (self-reported number of pills taken) | Mean=94 | Mean=69 | 0.008 | 0.62 (0.16 to 1.07) |
| van Es et al32 | 67 (58, 54) | Adherence score on a self-report scale based on how often medication was taken (never-always) | Mean=7.7 | Mean=6.7 | 0.05 | 0.48 (0.00 to 0.96) |
| Wagner et al45 | 135 (154, 76) | Percentage of doses taken during the intervention period (electronic monitoring) | Mean=83.5 | Mean=86.4 | 0.57 | −0.08 (−0.35 to 0.20) |
| Weber et al33 | 53 (29, 24) | Percentage of patients with monthly adherence ≥95% (electronic monitoring) | Mean=70.8 | Mean=50 | 0.014 | 0.69 (0.14 to 1.24) |
| Williams et al31 | 75 (36, 39) | Percentage of doses taken during the intervention period (pill counts | Mean=58.4 | Mean=66 | 0.162 | −0.32 (−0.77 to 0.13) |