Table 3.
Summary of subgroup analyses
| Variable | Subgroup-A vs subgroup-B | Number of studies (number of participants) in each subgroup | Coefficient (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention setting | Hospital vs community | 9 (1124) vs 17 (4092) | 0.27 (0.01 to 0.54) | 0.043 |
| Disease area | HIV vs other conditions | 14 (1323) vs 12 (3893) | 0.05 (−0.23 to 0.33) | 0.72 |
| Intervention components | MI vs no MI component | 11 (3538) vs 15 (1678) | −0.17 (−0.44 to 0.09) | 0.193 |
| Intervention delivery method | Entirely in person vs other methods | 15 (1663) vs 11 (3553) | −0.03 (−0.31 to 0.25) | 0.841 |
| Entirely over the telephone vs other methods | 3 (2679) vs 23 (2537) | −0.16 (−0.59 to 0.26) | 0.442 | |
| Both in person and telephone vs other | 7 (775) vs 19 (4441) | −0.05 (−0.27 to 0.37) | 0.744 | |
| Intervention delivery personnel | Specialist vs Routine HCP | 5 (503) vs 12 (1567) | −0.01 (−0.46 to 0.26) | 0.561 |
| Total intervention exposure | ≤3 h vs >3 h | 9 (3061) vs 7 (887) | 0.07 (−0.35 to 0.50) | 0.728 |
| Control group type | Explicit active controls vs usual care (no adherence enhancing strategies) | 13 (3683) vs 13 (1533) | 0.09 (−0.18 to 0.37) | 0.493 |
| Risk of bias | Outcome assessment blinding vs no outcome assessment blinding | 15 (3555) vs 11 (1661) | 0.05 (−0.24 to 0.33) | 0.736 |
| Outcome measures | Objective vs subjective measured outcomes | 14 (3850) vs 12 (1366) | −0.16 (−0.44 to 0.11) | 0.225 |
MI, Motivational Interviewing.