Schematic representation showing the principles of the third-generation TBII assay and Mc4-TSI bioassay. AC, adenylate cyclase; CRE, cAMP response element; LH-CG, lutropin-choriogonadotropin; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; TRAb, TSH-receptor autoantibody; pTSH-R, porcine thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor; TSI, thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin; TBI, thyroid-blocking immunoglobulin.