TABLE 3.
Internal (1)/ External (−) Tibial Rotation (mean ± SD, deg) Under 3 External Loading Conditions
| Loading Condition | Flexion Angle, deg |
ACL Intact | ACL Deficient | Single-Bundle ACL Reconstruction |
Anatomical ACL Reconstruction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anterior tibial load | 0 | −0.1 ± 5.5 | 0.2 ± 3.7 | −2.1 ± 6.5 | −2.6 ± 6.1 |
| 15 | 1.9 ± 6.6 | 1.7 ± 4.5 | −0.5 ± 8.7 | −1.3 ± 9.1 | |
| 30 | 1.0 ± 8.3 | 2.3 ± 4.9 | 0.7 ± 8.8 | 0.1 ± 9.3 | |
| 60 | 3.1 ± 5.4 | 3.3 ± 4.5 | 2.7 ± 4.3 | 1.7 ± 5.9 | |
| 90 | 3.7 ± 4.5 | 3.2 ± 4.5 | 2.4 ± 3.3 | 1.5 ± 3.7 | |
| Simulated quadriceps load | 0 | 4.2 ± 2.7 | 3.3 ± 3.6 | 2.7 ± 3.5 | 2.7 ± 3.2 |
| 15 | 8.9 ± 2.8 | 6.9 ± 3.4 | 5.7 ± 4.2a1 | 5.7 ± 4.0a2 | |
| 30 | 8.5 ± 4.0 | 7.3 ± 4.0 | 5.9 ± 4.9 | 6.0 ± 4.9 | |
| 60 | 4.3 ± 2.6 | 3.6 ± 3.3 | 3.7 ± 3.4 | 3.3 ± 3.2 | |
| 90 | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 1.4 | 0.9 ± 1.7 | 0.8 ± 1.4 | |
| Combined tibial torques | 0 | 11.9 ± 3.2 | 13.7 ± 3.3a3 | 12.2 ± 3.6b1 | 11.1 ± 3.8b2 |
| 30 | 20.6 ± 4.3 | 21.1 ± 3.9 | 20.3 ± 4.2 | 20.4 ± 4.0 |
a
a1: P ═ .0209; a2: P ═ .0125; a3: P ═ .0263 (significantly different from ACL-intact knee).
b
b1: P ═ .0292; b2: P ═ .0025 (significantly different from ACL-deficient knee).