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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 12.
Published in final edited form as: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011 Apr 20;36(9):E574–E581. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181f79e93

TABLE 4.

Maximum Tensile (Tension and Compression) and Shear Deformations (Average ± SD) of the Discs in the Patients with DDD and in the Normal Subjects During End Ranges of Motion of the Torso.

Left Torsion Right Torsion Left Bend Right Bend Extension Flexion
L2–L3
Tension DDD 29% ± 20%* 38% ± 33%* 25% ± 22% 18% ± 19% 32% ± 21%* 45% ± 11%*
Normal 10% ± 8%* 11% ± 9%* 12% ± 9% 18% ± 6% 12% ± 11%* 26% ± 9%*
Compression DDD −7% ± 24% −14% ± 20% −41% ± 32%* −22% ± 22% −20% ± 13% −18% ± 13%
Normal −12% ± 11% −9% ± 6% −13% ± 16%* −14% ± 10% −13% ± 14% −17% ± 8%
Shear DDD 53% ± 27% 53% ± 24%* 65% ± 32%* 56% ± 23%* 55% ± 34% 66% ± 30%*
Normal 34% ± 17% 20% ± 12%* 15% ± 8%* 23% ± 11%* 31% ± 19% 18% ± 16%*
L3–L4
Tension DDD 26% ± 26% 26% ± 19%* 24% ± 24% 35% ± 25%* 23% ± 20% 47% ± 25%*
Normal 18% ± 16% 10% ± 8%* 15% ± 9% 12% ± 10%* 16% ± 13% 22% ± 13%*
Compression DDD −11% ± 10% −17% ± 21% −31% ± 17%* −24% ± 20% −24% ± 20% −28% ± 21%
Normal −13% ± 9% −10% ± 7% −13% ± 10%* −12% ± 7% −14% ± 9% −15% ± 10%
Shear DDD 62% ± 23%* 50% ± 31% 63% ± 26%* 64% ± 27%* 62% ± 28%* 54% ± 32%
Normal 26% ± 17%* 29% ± 21% 21% ± 14%* 28% ± 18%* 26% ± 10%* 29% ± 17%

Using Mixed Model Analysis of Variance, Statistically Significant Differences Between DDD and Normal Subjects were Marked as *, P < 0.05. No Statistically Significant Difference was Found Between L2–L3 and L3–L4 Discs in All Cases

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