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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 12.
Published in final edited form as: Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2011 Feb 28;37(5):587–600. doi: 10.1177/0146167211399777

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Adapted reflection-construction model (Jussim, 1991). This model shows predicted causal relations among background predictor variables of adolescents’ educational attainment, mothers’ beliefs about their adolescents’ educational attainment, and adolescents’ actual educational attainment. According to the model, the background predictor variables influence adolescents’ educational attainment (Path a) and mothers’ beliefs (Path b). Mothers’ beliefs can also influence their adolescents’ educational attainment through self-fulfilling prophecies (Path c + de). These self-fulfilling prophecy effects may be mediated by self-verification processes (Path de).