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. 2013 Mar 20;33(12):5352–5361. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6103-11.2013

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Progranulin haploinsufficiency causes social deficits. A, C, D, Three-chamber sociability test, with sociability ratio (time spent investigating another mouse divided by time spent investigating an inanimate object) expressed as percentage of control. A, On a mixed background at 6–7 months, Grn+/− mice and Grn−/− mice had lower sociability than Grn+/+ mice (ANOVA, p < 0.01). *p < 0.05 (post hoc test). N = 51–58 mice per genotype. B, No deficit in pheromone preference was observed in progranulin-deficient mice. N = 17 mice per genotype; mixed background at 7–8 months. C, A cohort of mice on a congenic C57BL/6 background was tested longitudinally at mean ages of 4, 6, and 9 months. There were no sociability deficits at 4 months, but reduced sociability was apparent at older ages (age × Grn interaction, p < 0.05). N = 17–19 mice per genotype. D, On a congenic C57BL/6 background at 9–12 months, Grn+/− mice and Grn−/− mice had lower sociability than Grn+/+ mice (ANOVA, p < 0.05). *p < 0.05 (post hoc test). N = 17–21 mice per genotype. E, F, Social interactions were further tested with the tube test of social dominance at 4–6 months of age. E, Grn+/− mice won 79% (27 of 34) of trials against Grn+/+ mice (exact p = 0.0008). F, Grn+/F controls, which have normal progranulin levels, won 52% (16 of 31) of trials against Grn+/+ mice, no different from chance. Male and female mice were used for both social tests. No sex-dependent effects were observed, so the data from males and females were combined.