Table 1.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Participants in Each Analysis

	Task-Based fMRI Analysis				Resting-State Functional Connectivity Analysis
	Control n = 17,6 Female		Schizophrenia n = 18,6 Female		Control n = 19, 7 Female		Schizophrenia n = 18,6 Female
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age (years)	40.0	12.5	35.9	13.7	36.6	12.8	35.7	13.4
Mean Parental Education (years)	13.8	3.3	14.8	2.2	14.5	3.2	14.7	2.2
Mean Parental SESa	2.5	1.1	2.1	.8	2.3	1.0	2.1	.8
Premorbid Verbal IQb	112.1	7.5	108.3	5.0	112.7	7.6	109.0	5.4
Head Motion (mm)c	1.4	.8	1.9	1.2	1.2	.6	1.8	1.0
PANSS Total			47.3	10.0			49.1	12.8
PANSS Positive Subscale			11.7	3.6			12.4	5.1
PANSS Negative Subscale			11.4	3.2			12.3	4.7
PANSS General Subscale			24.2	5.3			24.3	5.4
Duration of Illness (years)			13.2	12.8			12.6	11.9
Chlorpromazine Equivalents			374.1	364.0			329.5	348.5

There were no significant differences between the control and schizophrenia groups for the demographic measures. Two (task-based analysis) or one (resting-state analysis) of the patients and two of the controls were African American, and one control was Asian; the remaining subjects were Caucasian. Two of the 19 patients were taking a first-generation antipsychotic (haloperidol or fluphenazine), and three patients were antipsychotic-free at the time of the scanning; the remaining patients were taking second-generation antipsychotics (e.g., clozapine, n=5; risperidone, n=1; olanzapine, n=2; quetiapine, n=3; and aripirazole, n = 5). Each patient's symptoms were evaluated using the PANSS 58 on the day of scanning by the same trained rater (the first author).

fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SES, socioeconomic status.

^aMeasured with the Hollingshead index.

^bMeasured with the Adult North American Reading Test.

^cMean total vector translation in mm.