Table 1. Genome-wide significant hits for refractive error in the European ancestry population with results in Asian population and combined analysis.

Summary of SNPs that showed genome-wide significant (P<5×10-8) association with spherical equivalent (SE) in subjects of European ancestry (stage 1), with results of replication in Asians (stage 2) and combined analysis (stage 3). Previously reported genes are marked in grey. We tested for heterogeneous effects between the Asian and the European ancestry sample, for which P values are shown. Abbreviations: SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; Nearest gene, reference NCBI build 37; A1, reference allele; A2, other allele, MA, Minor Allele; MAF, average Minor Allele Frequency; Beta, effect size on spherical equivalent in diopters based on allele A1; SEM, standard error of the mean.

Number of loci	SNP	Chromosome	Position	Nearest gene	A1/A2	MAF	Beta	SEM	P value	MAF	Beta	SEM	P value	Beta	SEM	P value	P value
						Stage 1 (n = 37,382)				Stage 2 (n = 8,376)				Combined (n = 45,758)			Heterogeneity
1	rs1652333	1	203858855	CD55	G/A	0.32	−0.115	0.018	6.29E-11	0.42	−0.099	0.035	5.00E-03	−0.112	0.016	3.05E-12	0.94
2	rs1656404	2	233205446	PRSS56	A/G	0.21	−0.151	0.025	2.38E-09	0.11	−0.167	0.069	1.60E-02	−0.153	0.024	7.86E-11	0.83
	rs1881492	2	233406997	CHRNG	T/G	0.22	−0.145	0.022	1.28E-10	0.15	−0.057	0.110	6.09E-01	−0.139	0.021	5.15E-11	0.88
3	rs14165	3	53847407	CACNA1D	A/G	0.32	0.095	0.017	4.36E-08	0.12	0.120	0.100	2.29E-01	0.096	0.017	2.14E-08	0.25
4	rs1960445	4	81930813	BMP3	C/T	0.17	−0.147	0.026	1.19E-08	0.11	0.034	0.055	5.32E-01	−0.114	0.024	1.25E-06	0.31
5	rs12205363	6	129834628	LAMA2	C/T	0.10	0.228	0.034	1.13E-11	0.02	0.553	0.236	1.92E-02	0.235	0.033	1.79E-12	0.93
6	rs4237036	8	61701056	CHD7	C/T	0.35	0.097	0.017	1.52E-08	0.23	0.043	0.040	2.81E-01	0.089	0.016	1.82E-08	0.76
	rs7837791	8	60179085	TOX	T/G	0.49	0.106	0.017	9.22E-10	0.39	0.103	0.035	4.00E-03	0.106	0.015	3.99E-12	0.70
7	rs7829127	8	40726393	ZMAT4	G/A	0.25	0.116	0.020	3.04E-09	0.11	0.112	0.055	4.23E-02	0.116	0.018	3.69E-10	0.66
8	rs7042950	9	77149836	RORB	G/A	0.24	−0.113	0.020	1.02E-08	0.42	−0.040	0.037	2.72E-01	−0.096	0.018	4.15E-08	0.83
9	rs10882165	10	94924323	CYP26A1	T/A	0.42	−0.111	0.016	1.25E-11	0.20	−0.060	0.056	2.84E-01	−0.107	0.016	1.03E-11	0.90
10	rs7084402	10	60265403	BICC1	G/A	0.48	−0.111	0.016	7.23E-12	0.50	−0.094	0.035	7.34E-03	−0.108	0.015	2.06E-13	0.71
11	rs11601239	11	105061808	GRIA4	C/G	0.46	−0.092	0.017	3.45E-08	0.42	−0.129	0.058	2.70E-02	−0.095	0.016	5.92E-09	0.83
12	rs3138144	12	56114768	RDH5	C/G	0.48	0.113	0.018	4.28E-10	0.45	0.157	0.072	3.00E-02	0.119	0.017	4.44E-12	0.09
13	rs2184971	13	100818091	PCCA	G/A	0.44	0.095	0.016	5.90E-09	0.22	0.022	0.040	5.84E-01	0.085	0.015	2.11E-08	0.96
	rs8000973	13	100691366	ZIC2	T/C	0.47	0.089	0.016	4.24E-08	0.22	0.030	0.041	4.63E-01	0.081	0.015	5.10E-08	0.50
14	rs524952	15	35005885	GJD2	A/T	0.48	−0.154	0.021	1.11E-13	0.44	−0.193	0.060	1.00E-03	−0.158	0.020	1.44E-15	0.22
15	rs4778879	15	79372874	RASGRF1	G/A	0.44	−0.103	0.017	1.27E-09	0.39	−0.103	0.043	1.50E-02	−0.102	0.015	4.25E-11	0.15
16	rs17183295	17	31078271	MYO1D	T/C	0.23	−0.132	0.021	3.04E-10	0.16	−0.166	0.144	2.49E-01	−0.131	0.020	9.66E-11	0.34
17	rs4793501	17	68718733	KCNJ2	C/T	0.42	0.096	0.016	3.21E-09	0.44	0.010	0.034	7.64E-01	0.080	0.014	2.79E-08	0.04
18	rs12971120	18	72174022	CNDP2	G/A	0.23	0.108	0.020	4.39E-08	0.30	0.014	0.063	8.27E-01	0.099	0.019	1.85E-07	0.49