Table 1.
Anthropometric, demographic and clinical parameters of the experimental subgroups.
Control | Obese | Obese-diabetic | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n (female/male) | (9/10) | (11/10) | (10/11) | |
Age (year) | 57.8 (54.4–61.2)a | 45.9 (42.6–49.1)b | 49.8 (46.5–53.1)a,b | 2.1 ×10−5* |
BMI (kg m−2) | 25.7 (23.6–28.0)a | 51.4 (47.6–55.5)b | 54.0 (50.3–58.0)b | 1.3 × 10−18* |
CRP (mg l−1) | 2.0 (1.4–3.0)a | 8.4 (5.9–11.9)b | 11.4 (8.2–15.8)b | 4.6 × 10−8* |
Liver steatosis (%) | 2.6 (1.2–4.9)a | 19.0 (11.3–31.5)b | 34.0 (21.1–54.3)b | 2.2 × 10−7* |
HbA1c (%) | 5.1 (4.8–5.5)a | 5.8 (5.5–6.2)a | 7.3 (6.9–7.8)b | 2.1 × 10−10* |
HOMA-IR | 1.1 (0.7–1.6)a | 4.6 (3.1–6.7)b | 8.6 (6.0–12.4)b | 1.2 × 10−8* |
TG (mg dl−1) | 97 (80–118)a | 138 (115–165)a | 148 (125–174)a | 0.008 |
HDL-C (mg dl−1) | 46 (41–51)a,† | 42 (38–46)a,† | 41 (38–45)a,† | 0.419 |
LDL-C (mg dl−1) | 104 (88–123)a | 118 (101–138)a | 99 (86–114)a | 0.236 |
SBP (mm Hg) | 119 (113–125)a | 136 (129–142)a | 136 (130–142)a | 6.6 × 10−4 |
DBP (mm Hg) | 76 (71–82)a | 86 (80–93)a | 84 (79–89)a | 0.070 |
Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, total plasma triglycerides.
Estimated means (95% confidence intervals) and P-value for effect of group as determined by ANCOVA. Groups identified by the same superscript letter (a,b) are not significantly different from each other (P≥0.0005).
HDL-C was higher in females compared with males (P = 0.049).
Significant after adjustment for multiple testing.