Table 8.
Regional Convergence, Paraguay
| Baseline (Table 3) | Regional trends | Mean reversion (includes interaction with regional average 1958–1960) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
| Dependent variable: Years of schooling | |||
| Pre-epidemic cohort × 1967 malaria rate | −10.38 (9.950) | −8.716 (6.030) | 8.171 (4.700) |
| Epidemic cohort × 1967 malaria rate | −12.68* (4.845) | −12.774** (3.120) | −5.972 (3.438) |
| Pre-epidemic cohort × (1958–1960 dependent Variable) | 0.412** (0.080) | ||
| Epidemic cohort × (1958–1960 dependent variable) | 0.166* (0.059) | ||
| Observations | 2,931 | 2,931 | 2,931 |
| R2 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 |
| F-test of (pre-epidemic cohort × malaria = epidemic cohort × malaria) | 0.20 | 1.93 | 122.60 |
| p-value of F-test | 0.68 | 0.26 | 0.00 |
|
| |||
| Dependent variable: Highly literate | |||
| Pre-epidemic cohort × 1967 malaria rate | −3.033** (0.628) | −2.575* (0.812) | −2.006** (0.520) |
| Epidemic cohort × 1967 malaria rate | −2.241*** (0.350) | −2.102** (0.432) | −2.360** (0.463) |
| Pre-epidemic cohort × (1958–1960 dependent variable) | 0.226 (0.105) | ||
| Epidemic cohort × (1958–1960 dependent variable) | −0.02 (0.092) | ||
| Observations | 2,931 | 2,931 | 2,931 |
| R2 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| F-test of (pre-epidemic cohort × malaria = epidemic cohort × malaria) | 6.93 | 1.47 | 21.20 |
| p-value of F-test | 0.08 | 0.31 | 0.02 |
|
| |||
| Dependent variable: Years of primary schooling | |||
| Pre-epidemic cohort × 1967 malaria rate | −8.428** (2.190) | −6.231** (1.687) | −3.021** (0.556) |
| Epidemic cohort × 1967 malaria rate | −6.055** (1.733) | −5.398*** (0.269) | −3.623 (1.784) |
| Pre-epidemic cohort × (1958–1960 dependent variable) | 0.362*** (0.023) | ||
| Epidemic cohort × (1958–1960 dependent variable) | 0.174 (0.092) | ||
| Observations | 2,931 | 2,931 | 2,931 |
| R2 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 |
| F-test of (pre-epidemic cohort × malaria = epidemic cohort × malaria) | 18.30 | 0.21 | 0.23 |
| p-value of F-test | 0.02 | 0.68 | 0.66 |
|
| |||
| Dependent variable: At least minimally literate | |||
| Pre-epidemic cohort × 1967 malaria rate | −0.957** (0.212) | 0.120 (0.487) | −0.325 (0.201) |
| Epidemic cohort × 1967 malaria rate | −0.679* (0.248) | −0.271* (0.088) | 0.228* (0.076) |
| Pre-epidemic cohort × (1958–1960 dependent variable) | 0.425** (0.120) | ||
| Epidemic cohort × (1958–1960 dependent variable) | 0.606*** (0.034) | ||
| Observations | 2,931 | 2,931 | 2,931 |
| R2 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| F-test of (pre-epidemic cohort × malaria = epidemic cohort × malaria) | 54.25 | 0.79 | 17.11 |
| p-value of F-test | 0.01 | 0.44 | 0.03 |
Notes: Values of robust standard errors clustered at the regional level appear in parentheses. Column 1 repeats columns 1–4 of Table 2. All other columns include the baseline controls. Column 2 includes regional trends. Column 3 includes an interaction with the regional average of the dependent variable.
***
Significant at the 1 percent level.
**
Significant at the 5 percent level.
*
Significant at the 10 percent level.