Table 3.
Cross-sectional Association of Abdominal Lean Muscle Area with Severity of Coronary, Thoracic, and Abdominal Aortic Calcification
| Tertiles in Men | Tertiles in Women | Continuous | p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | III | I | II | III | |||
| Range (cm2) | < 104.7 | 104.7–126.7 | > 126.7 | < 72.8 | 72.8–88.4 | > 88.4 | Per SD (26.7 cm2) | |
| CAC Severity* | ||||||||
| Model 1; β (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.79 (0.53, 1.40) | 1.35 (0.78, 2.32) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.13 (0.68, 1.88) | 1.19 (0.66, 2.12) | 1.16 (0.94, 1.42) | 0.16 |
| Model 2; β (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.78 (0.47, 1.28) | 1.16 (0.64, 2.12) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.22 (0.73, 2.05) | 1.43 (0.76, 2.72) | 1.19 (0.94, 1.49) | 0.14 |
| Model 3; β (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.81 (0.49, 1.34) | 1.27 (0.70, 2.32) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.15 (−0.37, 0.67) | 1.45 (0.75, 2.80) | 1.21 (0.97, 1.54) | 0.09 |
| TAC Severity* | ||||||||
| Model 1; β (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.91 (0.42, 2.01) | 0.87 (0.38, 1.99) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.13 (0.54, 2.36) | 0.73 (0.33, 1.62) | 0.89 (0.64, 1.21) | 0.44 |
| Model 2; β (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.94 (0.41, 2.14) | 0.86 (0.34, 2.26) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.03 (0.49, 2.18) | 0.83 (0.36, 1.99) | 0.91 (0.64, 1.28) | 0.60 |
| Model 3; β (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.97 (0.42, 2.23) | 0.93 (0.34, 2.16) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.04 (0.46, 2.39) | 0.72 (0.27, 1.93) | 0.95 (0.66, 1.36) | 0.79 |
| AAC Severity* | ||||||||
| Model 1; β (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.77 (0.52, 1.14) | 0.87 (0.56, 1.36) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.16 (0.69, 1.95) | 1.04 (0.62, 1.75) | 1.05 (0.88, 1.26) | 0.58 |
| Model 2; β (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.71 (0.47, 1.06) | 0.79 (0.49, 1.31) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.01 (0.63, 1.63) | 1.25 (0.70, 2.20) | 1.08 (0.89, 1.32) | 0.43 |
| Model 3; β (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.82 (0.54, 1.23) | 0.90 (0.54, 1.48) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.97 (0.61, 1.54) | 0.97 (0.55, 1.70) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.31) | 0.49 |
Evaluated among 557 participants with CAC>0, 716 participants with AAC>0, and 280 participants with TAC>0.
Abbreviations: CAC=coronary artery calcification, TAC=thoracic aorta calcification, AAC=abdominal aortic calcification, CI=confidence interval, Ref=reference category.
Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity
Model 2: Adjusted for model 1 variables plus height, weight, intramuscular mixed connective tissue area, and total intramuscular fat area
Model 3: Adjusted for model 2 variables plus diabetes, hypertension, smoking, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein, alcohol, physical activity, and caloric intake.