Table 3.
Using the Huai River policy to estimate the impact of TSPs (100 µg/m3) on health outcomes
| Dependent variable | (1) | (2) | (3) |
| Panel 1: Impact of “North” on the listed variable, ordinary least squares | |||
| TSPs, 100 µg/m3 | 2.48*** (0.65) | 1.84*** (0.63) | 2.17*** (0.66) |
| ln(All cause mortality rate) | 0.22* (0.13) | 0.26* (0.13) | 0.30* (0.15) |
| ln(Cardiorespiratory mortality rate) | 0.37** (0.16) | 0.38** (0.16) | 0.50*** (0.19) |
| ln(Noncardiorespiratory mortality rate) | 0.00 (0.13) | 0.08 (0.13) | 0.00 (0.13) |
| Life expectancy, y | −5.04** (2.47) | −5.52** (2.39) | −5.30* (2.85) |
| Panel 2: Impact of TSPs on the listed variable, two-stage least squares | |||
| ln(All cause mortality rate) | 0.09* (0.05) | 0.14** (0.07) | 0.14* (0.08) |
| ln(Cardiorespiratory mortality rate) | 0.15** (0.06) | 0.21** (0.09) | 0.23** (0.10) |
| ln(Noncardiorespiratory mortality rate) | 0.00 (0.05) | 0.04 (0.07) | 0.00 (0.06) |
| Life expectancy, y | −2.04** (0.92) | −3.00** (1.33) | −2.44 (1.50) |
| Climate controls | No | Yes | Yes |
| Census and DSP controls | No | Yes | Yes |
| Polynomial in latitude | Cubic | Cubic | Linear |
| Only DSP locations within 5° latitude | No | No | Yes |
The sample in columns (1) and (2) includes all DSP locations (n = 125) and in column (3) is restricted to DSP locations within 5° latitude of the Huai River boundary (n = 69). Each cell in the table represents the coefficient from a separate regression, and heteroskedastic-consistent SEs are reported in parentheses. Models in column (1) include a cubic in latitude. Models in column (2) additionally include demographic and climate controls reported in Table 1. Models in column (3) are estimated with a linear control for latitude. Regressions are weighted by the population at the DSP location. *Significant at 10%, **significant at 5%, ***significant at 1%. Sources: China Disease Surveillance Points (1991–2000), China Environment Yearbook (1981–2000), and World Meteorological Association (1980–2000).