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. 2013 Apr 29;50(6):658–663. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2013.789056

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© 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the source is credited.

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Figure 1.— — Tail-off characteristics of asthma medications delivered by MDIs with different valve placement. Panel A shows tail-off from 3 separate MDIs with fill holes located at the base of the retaining cup that allow formulation to enter the valve (valve-down orientation). Panel B shows more erratic tail-off characteristics of 3 separate MDIs with valve design in which the fill holes are located at higher levels relative to the base of the retaining cup (Adapted from Schultz (13)).