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. 2013 Aug 12;8(8):e72292. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072292

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© 2013 Heller et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Infection cushions, running hyphae on the epidermis of hypocotyls, and subcuticular hyphae investigated by scanning electron microscopy. A: Dome-shaped infection cushion (cu) and running hyphae (arrows); conventional SEM. B: Young infection cushion (cu) overgrown by running hyphae (hy); LTSEM. C: Detail of Figure 2B. Hyphae (hy) of the infection cushion attached to the cuticle of the epidermis. Hyphal exudates (arrows) covering wax crystals of the cuticle in LTSEM. D: After penetration, when the cuticle (c) is detached from the epidermal layer the parallel growing subcuticular hyphae (arrows) become visible in conventional SEM.