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. 2013 Aug 12;8(8):e72292. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072292

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© 2013 Heller et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Transmission electron micrographs of cross sections of sunflower hypocotyls: A: The abaxial epidermal cell wall around a subcuticular hypha (shy) 12-24 hpi showing degraded cell wall matrix (stars). Cytoplasm of the epidermal cells (e) still intact. B: Destruction process of cell wall in dead host cells starting from the inner side of the cell wall (arrows) of an epidermal cell (e) 12-24 hpi. C: Detail of a degraded abaxial epidermal cell wall around a subcuticular hypha (shy); non-degraded part of the plant cell wall (star), cell wall matrix degraded, residues of cellulose layers (arrows), nucleus (n), endoplasmic reticulum (er) and mitochondrium (m) of the fungal cell. D: During the advanced infection stage (36-48 hpi) a single hypha (hy) in a large area of the necrotic cortical parenchyma. Only residues of thin cell wall layers (arrows) and dark staining residues of cytoplasm are left (arrowheads).